19 (nineteen) is the natural number In mathematics, there are two conventions for the set of natural numbers: it is either the set of positive integers {1, 2, 3, ...} according to the traditional definition; or the set of non-negative integers {0, 1, 2, ...} according to a definition first appearing in the nineteenth century following 18 and preceding 20 20 is the natural number following 19 and preceding 21. A group of twenty units may also be referred to as a score. It is a prime number In mathematics, a prime number is a natural number that has exactly two distinct natural number divisors: 1 and itself. The smallest twenty-five prime numbers (all the prime numbers under 100) are:.

In English speech, the numbers 19 and 90 are often confused. When carefully enunciated, they differ in which syllable is stressed In linguistics, stress is the relative emphasis that may be given to certain syllables in a word, or to certain words in a phrase or sentence. The term is also used for similar patterns of phonetic prominence inside syllables. The word accent is sometimes also used with this sense: 19 /naɪnˈtiːn/ vs 90 /ˈnaɪnti/. However, in dates such as 1999, and when contrasting numbers in the teens, such as 17, 18, 19, the stress shifts to the first syllable: 19 /ˈnaɪntiːn/.

Mathematics

19 is the 8th smallest prime number In mathematics, a prime number is a natural number that has exactly two distinct natural number divisors: 1 and itself. The smallest twenty-five prime numbers (all the prime numbers under 100) are:. The sequence continues 23, 29, 31, 37...

19 is the seventh Mersenne prime exponent.

19 is the aliquot sum of two odd discrete semiprimes, 65 Year 65 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar and 77 and is the base of the 19-aliquot tree.

19 is a centered triangular number, centered hexagonal number and a Heegner number.

The largest normal magic hexagon contains 19 hexagons.

Technology

• 19 is the TCP/IP The Internet Protocol Suite is the set of communications protocols used for the Internet and other similar networks. It is named from two of the most important protocols in it: the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP), which were the first two networking protocols defined in this standard. Today's IP networking port used for chargen.

Science

• The atomic number In chemistry and physics, the atomic number is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom and therefore identical to the charge number of the nucleus. It is conventionally represented by the symbol Z. The atomic number uniquely identifies a chemical element. In an atom of neutral charge, the atomic number is also equal to the number of of Potassium Potassium is the chemical element with the symbol K (Latin: kalium, from Arabic: القَلْيَه‎ al-qalyah "plant ashes" cf. Alkali from the same root, more commonly known in Modern Standard Arabic as بوتاسيوم ‹bwtasywm›), atomic number 19, and atomic mass 39.0983. Potassium was first isolated from potash. Elemental

Religion

Islam

• A number encoded in the Qur'an described as "the mathematical miracle" [1] as proposed by Dr. Rashad Khalifa Rashad Khalifa was an Egyptian-American biochemist, closely associated with the United Submitters International. He was assassinated in 1990, a biochemist from the USA [2]
• The first verse in the Qur'an, known as "Bismillah," which translates to mean “In the NAME of GOD, most MERCIFUL, most COMPASSIONATE” consists of 4 Arabic words, i.e. 19 letters.^[1]
• Each word of the above verse occurs throughout the Qur'an in multiples of 19.

1st word- 19 times; 2nd word- 2698 times (19 X 142); 3rd word- 57 times (19 X 3); 4th word- 114 times (19 X 6);

• If you were to read the first chapter of the Qur'an, your lips would touch each other exactly 19 times.
• The Qur'an's dominant message is that there is only “One GOD”. The word “One” referring to God, occurs exactly 19 times in this Book.
• Since the mathematical miracle of 19 is supposed to prove that the Qur'an is from the Creator of the Universe, the word “PROOF” also occurs throughout the Book 19 times.
• The Qur'an consists of 114 chapters, which is 19 x 6
• The number of angels Angels are messengers of God in the Hebrew Bible , the New Testament and the Quran. The term "angel" has also been expanded to various notions of "spiritual beings" found in many other religious traditions. Other roles of angels include protecting and guiding human beings guarding Hell In many religious traditions, Hell is a place of suffering and punishment in the afterlife, often in the underworld. Religions with a linear divine history often depict Hell as endless . Religions with a cyclic history often depict Hell as an intermediary period between incarnations (for example, see Chinese Diyu) according to the Qur'an The Qur’an is the central religious verbal text of Islam, also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, Qur’ān, or Al-Qur’ān. Muslims believe the Qur’an to be the verbal book of divine guidance and direction for mankind. Its text addresses the Arabic speaking "children of Israel". Muslims also consider the original Arabic: "Over it is nineteen" (74 Surat Al-Muddathir (The Cloaked One, The Man Wearing A Cloak) is the 74th sura of the Qur'an with 56 ayat:30).
• The number of surat A Surah is a chapter of the Qur'an.There are 114 Surah in the Qur'an. The shortest Surah (Al-Kawthar) has only three ayah (verses) while the longest (Al-Baqara) contains 287 ayah (verses) Maryam Sura Maryam is the 19th sura (chapter) of the Qur'an and is a Makkan sura with 98 ayat (English: verses). It is named after Maryām, the actual (Semitic) name for Mary, Mother of Jesus (Isa). The popular variant of the name Maryam, Mary, is a Westernized or Anglicized version. Similarly, the popular, Westernized or Anglicized name Jesus is in the Qur'an The Qur’an is the central religious verbal text of Islam, also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, Qur’ān, or Al-Qur’ān. Muslims believe the Qur’an to be the verbal book of divine guidance and direction for mankind. Its text addresses the Arabic speaking "children of Israel". Muslims also consider the original Arabic.
• The Number of Verse Ayah is the Arabic word for sign or miracle. The word usually refers to each one of the 6236 verses found in the Qur'an (6349 ayat counting in 114 bismilas, excluding one for Surah At-Tawba).In Sura Naml bismillah is mentioned two times. Muslims regard each ayah of the Qur'an a sign from Allah. The word Ayat is also used by Christians in countries and Sura A Surah is a chapter of the Qur'an.There are 114 Surah in the Qur'an. The shortest Surah (Al-Kawthar) has only three ayah (verses) while the longest (Al-Baqara) contains 287 ayah (verses) together in Qur'an which describes Jesus Christ Birth (Qur'an 19:19).

Baha'i faith

• The Bahá'í calendar is structured such that a year contains 19 months of 19 days each (along with the intercalary Intercalation is the insertion of a leap day, week or month into some calendar years to make the calendar follow the seasons or moon phases. Lunisolar calendars may require intercalations of both days and months period of Ayyám-i-Há Ayyám-i-Há refers to a period of four or five intercalary days in the Bahá'í calendar, where Bahá'ís celebrate the Festival of Ayyám-i-Há. The four or five days occur in between the 18th and 19th months of the calendar from February 26 to March 1 and allow for the Bahá'í calendar to be synchronized with the solar year with regular years), as well as a 19-year cycle and a 361-year (19x19) supercycle.
• The Báb Siyyid `Alí Muḥammad Shírází (October 20, 1819 – July 9, 1850) was the founder of Bábism, and one of three central figures of the Bahá'í Faith. He was a merchant from Shíráz, Persia, who at the age of twenty-four (on May 23, 1844) claimed to be the promised Qá'im (or Mahdi). After his declaration he took the title of Báb (Arabic: ب� and his disciples formed a group of 19.
• There were 19 Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh.

Music

• 19 is the debut album from English The area now called England has been settled by people of various cultures for about 35,000 years, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant soul Soul music is a music genre originating in the United States combining elements of gospel music and rhythm and blues. According to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, soul is "music that arose out of the black experience in America through the transmutation of gospel and rhythm & blues into a form of funky, secular testifying." Catchy and jazz Jazz is a music genre that originated at the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States from a confluence of African and European music traditions. From its early development until the present, jazz has incorporated music from 19th and 20th century American popular music. Its West African pedigree singer Adele.
• 19 is the fourth studio album from Russian Russia (pronounced /ˈrʌʃə/ ; Russian: Россия, tr. Rossiya, pronounced [rɐˈsʲijə] ( listen)), also officially known as the Russian Federation (Russian: Российская Федерация, tr. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya, pronounced [rɐˈsʲijskəjə fʲɪdʲɪˈraʦəjə] ( listen)), is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal pop Pop music is usually understood to be commercially recorded music, often oriented towards a youth market, usually consisting of relatively short and simple love songs and utilizing technological innovations to produce new variations on existing themes. Pop music has absorbed influences from most other forms of popular music, but as a genre is singer Alsou Alsou Ralifovna Abramova (Tatar Cyrillic: Алсу Рәлиф кызы Абрамова, Latin: Alsu Rälif qızı Abramova, Russian: Алсу́ Рали́фовна Абрамова, née Safina, better known as just Alsou is a popular singer from Russia. She competed in the Eurovision Song Contest 2000 in which she came in second place giving.
• 19 is Evan Yo's first album, because Yo was nineteen years old when the album was released.
• "19" is a 1985 song by Paul Hardcastle, including sampled In music, sampling is the act of taking a portion, or sample, of one sound recording and reusing it as an instrument or a different sound recording of a song. The wide spread use of sampling in popular music originated with the birth of Hip Hop music in New York in the late 70's and early 80's. This is typically done with a sampler, which can be a soundbites taken from a documentary about the Vietnam War The Vietnam War [A 2] was a Cold War military conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from November 1, 1955 [A 1], to April 30, 1975 when Saigon fell. This war followed the First Indochina War and was fought between the communist North Vietnam, supported by its communist allies, and the government of South Vietnam, supported by the in which 19 is claimed to have been the average age of United States ^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language soldiers killed in the conflict (an assertion which is widely disputed).^[2] The song was parodied by British satirist Rory Bremner Roderick "Rory" Keith Ogilvy Bremner FKC is a Scottish impressionist, playwright and comedian, noted for his work in political satire as N-n-nineteen, Not Out, the title referring to the English cricket Cricket is a bat-and-ball team sport. Many variations exist, with its most popular form played on an oval-shaped outdoor arena known as a cricket field at the centre of which is a rectangular 22-yard long pitch that is the focus of the game. A game (or match) is contested between two teams of eleven players each. One team bats, and will try to team's risible performance against the West Indies in the previous year.
• With a similar name and anti-Vietnam War theme, "I Was Only Nineteen" by the Australian For at least 40,000 years before European settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who belonged to one or more of the roughly 250 language groups. After sporadic visits by fishermen from the immediate north and discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australia's eastern half was claimed by the British group Redgum reached number one on the Australian charts in 1983. In 2005 a hip hop Australian hip hop music began in the early 1980s; originally it was primarily influenced by hip hop music and culture imported via radio and television from the United States of America. However, since the 1990s, a distinctive local style has developed. Australian hip hop is a part of the underground music scene with only a few successful version of the song was produced by The Herd.
• Other songs titled 19:
  • "Nineteen" by Bad4good
  • "Nineteen" by Buck-O-Nine
  • "Nineteen" by Phil Lynott
  • "Nineteen" by the Old 97's The Old 97's are an alternative country band from Dallas, Texas. Formed in 1993, they have since released seven studio albums and one live album, their most recent being Blame It on Gravity. They are recognized as pioneers of the alt-country movement during the mid to late 1990s along with bands such as Uncle Tupelo, Drive-By Truckers, Whiskeytown,
  • "Nineteen" by Tegan and Sara

• Nineteen has been used as an alternative to twelve for a division of the octave into equal parts. This idea goes back to Salinas in the sixteenth century, and is interesting in part because it gives a system of meantone Meantone temperament is a musical temperament, which is a system of musical tuning. In general, a meantone is constructed the same way as Pythagorean tuning, as a chain of perfect fifths, but in a meantone, each fifth is narrowed by the same amount in order to make the other intervals, like the major third, closer to their ideal just ratios tuning, being close to 1/3 comma meantone.

• Some organs use the 19th harmonic to approximate a minor third.

Literature

• Stephen King's seven book epic The Dark Tower The Dark Tower is a series of seven books written by American author Stephen King between 1970 and 2004. The series incorporates themes from multiple genres, including fantasy fiction, science fantasy, horror and western elements. They describe a gunslinger's quest toward a tower whose nature the books call both physical and metaphorical. King has saga employs the number 19 in books The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger, The Dark Tower V: Wolves of the Calla, and The Dark Tower VI: Song of Susannah as a mysterious and important number. They refer to the "ka-tet of 19", many names add up to 19, 19 seems to permeate every aspect of Roland and his traveler's lives. In addition, the number ends up being a powerful key.

• In Jodi Picoult's bestseller book Nineteen Minutes, the number 19 is referenced multiple times. It is most commonly referenced when referring to the main subject of the book, the school shooting rampage that took place over a span of 19 minutes.

Games

• The game of Go Go is a strategic board game for two players. It is also known as igo , weiqi or wei ch'i (Chinese) or baduk (Korean). Go is noted for being rich in strategic complexity despite its simple rules is played on a grid of 19×19 lines (though variants can be played on grids of other sizes).

• 19 is the command in Age of Empires Age of Empires is a series of computer video games developed by Ensemble Studios and published by Microsoft Game Studios. The first title of the series was Age of Empires, released in 1997. Since then, seven titles and three spin-offs have been released. The titles are historical real-time strategy games, and their gameplay revolves around two for the laughing emote. This was an easier way to laugh before "LOL LOL, an abbreviation for laughing out loud, laugh out loud, or sometimes lots of laughs, is a common element of Internet slang. It was used historically on Usenet but is now widespread in other forms of computer-mediated communication, and even face-to-face communication. It is one of many initialisms for expressing bodily reactions, in particular" existed.

• Though the maximum score for a hand of cribbage Cribbage, or crib, is a card game traditionally for two players, but commonly played with three, four or more, that involves playing and grouping cards in combinations which gain points. Cribbage has several distinctive features: the cribbage board used for scorekeeping, the eponymous crib or box , two distinct scoring stages (the play and the is 29, there is no combination of cards that adds up to 19 points. Many cribbage players, therefore, jokingly refer to a zero-point hand as "19 points."

• In Ecuadorian card game "40", when counting the amount of cards gathered in a hand, the limit is 19, after which the count starts at 6 and represents the points achieved during that hand.

Age 19

• This is the minimum age that is legal to buy tobacco products in Alabama From the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many Southern states, suffered economic hardship, in part because of continued dependence on agriculture. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature until the 1960s, while urban interests and African Americans were, Alaska Alaska was purchased from the Russian Empire on March 30, 1867, for $7.2 million at about two cents per acre . The land went through several administrative changes before becoming an organized territory on May 11, 1912, and the 49th state of the U.S. on January 3, 1959, New Jersey The area was inhabited by Native Americans for more than 2,800 years, with historical tribes such as the Lenape along the coast. In the early 1600s, the Dutch and the Swedes made the first European settlements. The English later seized control of the region, naming it the Province of New Jersey. It was granted as a colony to Sir George Carteret, Utah Utah is one of the most religiously homogeneous states in the Union. Between 41% and 60% of Utahns are reported to be members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints , which greatly influences Utah culture and daily life, and Nassau Nassau County is a suburban county in the New York Metropolitan Area east of New York City in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2000 census, the population was 1,334,544. The name of the county comes from an old name for Long Island, which was at one time named Nassau, after Dutch William of Nassau, Prince of Orange The county colors, orange, Suffolk Suffolk County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York on the eastern portion of Long Island. As of the 2000 census, the population was 1,419,369. It was named for the county of Suffolk in England, from which its earliest settlers came. The county seat is Riverhead, though many county offices are in Hauppauge on the west side of the, and Onondaga counties in New York New York (pronounced /njuː ˈjɔrk/; locally [nɪu ˈjoək] or [nuː ˈjɔrk]) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous. The state is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east. The state has a maritime^[3].
• This is the minimum age at which one can drink and buy alcohol in Canada except for the provinces of Alberta, Manitoba, and Quebec where the drinking and purchase age of alcohol is 18.
• This is the minimum age to marry in the state of Nebraska.

Cars

• Renault 19, old car of Renault.

Other fields

• The nineteenth President of the United States was Rutherford B. Hayes.
• The nineteenth state to enter the Union of the United States was Indiana
• Part of the name of a breakfast cereal: Product 19
• The Soviet submarine K-19 was the first Soviet nuclear ballistic submarine
• I-19 is the designation for a US interstate highway in Arizona
• the height, in feet, of the statues of Abraham Lincoln and Thomas Jefferson in their respective memorials.
• 19 years is very close to 235 lunations. See Metonic cycle
• In golf the "19th hole" is the clubhouse bar. In miniature golf it is an extra hole on which the winner earns an instant prize
• A number retired by several teams in North American sports. (Except as noted, all players are in the Hall of Fame of their respective sport.)
  • In the NFL:
    • Lance Alworth, by the San Diego Chargers.
    • Johnny Unitas, by the Baltimore Colts. The team has honored this retirement in its current home of Indianapolis.
  • In Major League Baseball:
    • Bob Feller, by the Cleveland Indians.
    • Tony Gwynn, by the San Diego Padres.
    • Robin Yount, by the Milwaukee Brewers.
  • In the NBA:
    • Willis Reed, by the New York Knicks.
  • In the NHL:
    • Bill Masterton, by the Minnesota North Stars. The team has honored this retirement in its current home of Dallas. Masterton is not in the Hockey Hall of Fame; his number was retired after he died from an on-ice injury in 1968. He is the only NHL player to have died as a direct result of an injury suffered during an NHL game.
    • Larry Robinson, by the Montreal Canadiens.
    • Joe Sakic, by the Colorado Avalanche. Sakic is not yet eligible for the Hall of Fame, as he retired in 2009.
    • Bryan Trottier, by the New York Islanders.
    • Steve Yzerman, by the Detroit Red Wings. Some Red Wings fans collectively refer to themselves as "the 19" in his honor.[3]
  • In NASCAR
    • NASCAR Sprint Cup Series driver Elliott Sadler drives the #19 Best Buy Ford Fusion for Richard Petty Motorsports.
• The number of the French department Corrèze

Historical years

A.D. 19, 19 B.C., 1919, 2019, etc.

References

1. ^ http://submission.org/miracle/why19.html
2. ^ Roush, Gary (2008-06-02). "Statistics about the Vietnam War". Vietnam Helicopter Flight Crew Network. Archived from the original on 2009-12-06. http://www.webcitation.org/5lpjNZVh8. Retrieved 2009-12-06. "Assuming KIAs accurately represented age groups serving in Vietnam, the average age of an infantryman (MOS 11B) serving in Vietnam to be 19 years old is a myth, it is actually 22. None of the enlisted grades have an average age of less than 20."
3. ^ Center for Health Improvement (2008-06-02). "Minimum Age Increase". Archived from the original on 2009-07-22. http://www.webcitation.org/5iSXbFWsp. Retrieved 2004-06-30. "In Alabama, Alaska, and Utah, 19 years is the minimum age for sale of tobacco products"

External links

• Number 19 used in the Holy Quran
• Number 19 at the Database of Number Correlations
• 19.ORG
• Prime Curios for the number 19
• Agir XIX

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